Elsevier is proud to be the publisher for both titles. It is difficult both to control and infection caused is difficult to treat due to its high resistance in the. Drugresistant acinetobacter baumannii strains are a prominent group of nosocomial pathogens worldwide. Clinical findings, risk and prognostic factors k prashanth 1, s badrinath 2 1 laboratory of molecular and cell biology, centre for dna fingerprinting and diagnostics cdfd, nacharam, hyderabad 500 076, india 2 department of microbiology, jawaharlal institute of postgraduate medical education and research, pondicherry 605 006, india. In the intensive care setting, acinetobacter baumannii causes ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other nosocomial infections that are difficult to treat. An inception cohort study in a 40bed medical and surgical intensive care unit icu at a single institution was conducted during a 2year period to determine the risk factors for ab nosocomial bacteremia. Acinetobacter baumannii microbiological, virulence, and. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial infections in many hospitals. The role of minocycline in the treatment of nosocomial. Nosocomial infections caused by acinetobacter species is of increasing concern in critically ill patients, and the risk factors for this infection are not well established. Nosocomial infections caused by acinetobacter baumannii. Nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii infections and changing.
Additional considerations include the possible use of adjunctive inhaled antibiotics. Cost is largely borne by the healthcare facility not 3rd party payors weinstein ra. Acinetobacter infections epidemiology and pathogenesis. A broad variety of nosocomial infections are attributable to a. Although many acinetobacter strains are susceptible to a wide variety of antibacterials, those causing nosocomial outbreaks of infection are usually susceptible only to ceftazidime, cefepime, sulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, polymyxin b, and colistin polymyxin e.
The role of acinetobacter nosocomialis and acinetobacter pittii, which belong to the a. Acinetobacter is nonmotile, obligate aerobic gramnegative coccobacillus and are ubiquitous freeliving saprophytes in soil and water. Antibioticresistant acinetobacter baumannii increasing. Pdf nosocomial infections caused by acinetobacter species is of increasing concern in critically ill patients, and the risk factors for this. Clinical features of infections and colonization by. The genus acinetobacter is a major cause of nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii can cause infections in the blood, urinary tract, and lungs pneumonia, or in wounds in other parts of the body. Thus, mortality rates were significantly higher p infections caused by a baumannii.
The nosocomial infection control committee of the hospital was established in 1980. Edmiston jrb phd adepartment of pathology, medical college of wisconsin, 9200 west wisconsin avenue, milwaukee, wi 53226, usa. In thailand, this bacteria has become a prominent cause of hospitalacquired infection, especially in intensive care units. Acinetobacter infections epidemiology and pathogenesis of a signi. Catheterassociated blood stream infection cabsi due to acinetobacter is relatively uncommon, but causes morbidity and. Clinical and economic impact of multidrug resistance in. Since then, identification of pathogens that cause nosocomial infections and collection and analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility results of these pathogens from the hospitals clinical microbiology laboratory have been performed 4. December application of bacteriophagecontaining aerosol against nosocomial transmission of carbapenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit yuhuai ho 0 1 chunchieh tseng 1 lihshinn wang 0 1 yiting chen 1 guanjin ho 1 teng yi lin 1 lingyi wang 1 likuang chen 1 0 division of infectious diseases, department of internal medicine, buddhist tzu chi general hospital. Significantly higher percentage of acinetobacter strains was found in icu compared with general wards p acinetobacter infection was abscess. Acinetobacter baumannii is resistant against most antibiotics. Transmission ofacinetobacter strains between patients occurs primarily via the hands of health care workers. The occurrence of multidrugresistant strands is observed and that limits the.
Acinetobacter baumannii remains an important and difficulttotreat pathogen whose resistance patterns result in significant challenges for the clinician. In 1986 a new taxonomy was established for the acinetobacter genus, of which a. Nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks have been attributed mainly to a. Hospital acquired infections hais are mostly caused by gramnegative organisms and is. Clinical findings, risk and prognostic factors k prashanth, s badrinath abstract purpose. Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections request pdf. We sought to control infection due to multidrugresistant acinetobacter baumannii mdrab by identifying isolates as clonally related, leading to enhanced.
These reports arose mainly from hospitals located in europe and the united states. We investigated the multidrugresistant a baumannii strain that caused hospitalacquired infections in uthai thani hospital, thailand, between 2006 and 2014. Successful treatment of those nosocomial infections was achieved simply with. The main sites of infection is the lower respiratory tract and urinary tract, and these distribution sites are very similar to that of other nosocomial. Nosocomial infection of multidrugresistant acinetobacter. Nosocomial acinetobacter meningitis secondary to invasive procedures. Infection with resistant clones and mechanical ventilation were found to be potential. Pdf nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter species. Acinetobacter baumannii, nosocomial infections, multidrug. Exact data on mortality was available for 66 acinetobacter outbreaks 686 infections and 323 fatal cases and 55 pseudomonas outbreaks 619 infections and 144 fatal cases. Acinetobacter nosocomial infections resistant to most antimicrobials have emerged, especially in icu. Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to. In summary, the spread of a clonally related multidrugresistant a baumannii strain was the primary cause of nosocomial.
Gramnegative organisms account for most infections in the hospital environment because of their ability to acquire. An outbreak of infections with acinetobacter calcoaceticus in burn patients. Early identification and continued surveillance of prevalent organism will help prevent the spread of acinetobacter in hospital environment. Acinetobacter species, particularly acinetobacter baumannii, is a leading multidrug resistant mdr microorganism in hospitals worldwide causing severe nosocomial infections such as bloodstream infections and ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology classified the ge nus acinetobacter in the. Nosocomial bacteremia caused by acinetobacter baumannii ab is of increasing concern in critically ill patients, and the risk factors for this infection are not well established. Treatment of acinetobacter infections oxford academic. Pdf the genus acinetobacter is a major cause of noscoomial infections. Multiantibiotic resistant acinetobacter baumannii, is now recognized to be of great clinical significance. Acinetobacter is ubiquitous, freeliving and fairly. Hospitalacquired infection hai also called nosocomial infection is a kind of infection which is acquired in the hospital by a patient in whom the infection was not present at the time of admission but emerged after discharging, and it also includes occupational infections among the staff of the organization 1,2. Pandrugresistant acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial. Nosocomial infections caused by strains acinetobacter baumannii strands are a growing clinical problem. Nosocomial outbreaks caused by acinetobacter baumannii and.
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen primarily associated with hospitalacquired infections. Clinical and pathophysiological overview of acinetobacter. Clinical and antimicrobial profile of acinetobacter spp. Neonatal intensivecareunits andthethreat ofacinetobacter baumannii alicia j. It is also becoming a predominant nosocomial pathogen in india 3338. Application of bacteriophagecontaining aerosol against. Two hundred twentyone isolates of acinetobacter baumannii and 15 of acinetobacter genospecies 3 ag3 were consecutively collected in a 30day period during the nationwide project geihab2000. Apr 15, 2008 multidrugresistant acinetobacter baumannii is a rapidly emerging pathogen in the health care setting, where it causes infections that include bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and wound infection. Although other species of acinetobacter are also often associated with hais. Nosocomial acinetobacter infections in a tertiary facility.
During the last decade, nosocomial infections caused by multidrugresistant a. Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative pathogen that targets immunocompromized patients. Acinetobacter baumannii is a frequent cause of infections in hospitals around the world, which is very difficult to control and treat. In our study, over a period of six months janjun 2000 at a tertiary care hospital, 152 12.
Common nosocomial organism, uncommon pathogen, in national nosocomial infection study report. Hospital acquired infections hais are mostly caused by gramnegative organisms and is one of the major issues in patient safety. It can also colonize or live in a patient without causing infections or symptoms, especially in respiratory secretions sputum or open wounds. Acinetobacter baumannii has proven to be an increasingly important and demanding species in health careassociated infections.
It typically infects people inside a healthcare facility doctors refer to these as nosocomial infections. Infections caused by acinetobacter baumannii have become a critical problem for hospital patients worldwide. Acinetobacter infection an emerging threat to human. Nosocomial bacteremia due to acinetobacter baumannii. Acinetobacter is frequently isolated in nosocomial infections, and is especially prevalent in intensive care units, where both sporadic cases and epidemic and endemic occurrences are common. Nosocomial infections george washington university. The ages ranged from 1 month to 16 years with a mean age.
Acinetobacter species as nosocomial pathogens springerlink. Endemic nosocomial acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteremia. Of 367 patients hospitalized for severe thermal injury during the study period, 29 patients with nosocomial a. These infections are often associated with the medical processes of hospitals such as invasive medical devices and various surgical procedures. Acinetobacter is nonmotile, obligate aerobic gramnegative coccobacillus and are ubiquitous freeliving saprophytes in. In asian and certain latin american countries, acinetobacter is one of the three most common causes of bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia 3943.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a frequent etiology of nosocomial infections worldwide, posing a major challenge due to its great ability to develop resistance against antibiotics 1,2. A major threat worldwide herve richet, md, pierre edouard fournier, md currently, acinetobacter baumannii is considered to be an important and emerging hospitalacquired pathogen world wide. Infections due to acinetobacter are increasingly identified, most commonly during hospitalization. It is involved less frequently in outpatient health care infections. Acinetobacter infection an emerging threat to human health. Pneumonia the initial approach to empiric and directed antimicrobial therapy of pneumonia caused by acinetobacter is the same as that for acinetobacter infections in general, as described above see general approach to antimicrobial selection above. Nosocomial infections and their control strategies article pdf available in asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine 57. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen that is rapidly evolving toward multidrug resistance and is involved in various nosocomial infections that are often severe. Pdf intravenous colistin as therapy for nosocomial.
The journal will welcome high quality articles in the field of infection prevention and control. Nevertheless, nosocomial acinetobacter infections have been observed more frequently in the summer than in other seasons. Epidemiological monitoring of nosocomial infections caused by. This led to the realization that most infections attributed to acinetobacter were in fact caused by baumannii species. Risk factors and impact of nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in the adult intensive care unit. Intravenous colistin as therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrugresistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. Clinical outcomes of hospitalacquired infection with. Objective of this study was to investigate nosocomial a. Among them, acinetobacter baumannii is a strictly aerobic gramnegative nonlactosefermenter coccobacillus, member of the acinetobacter calcoaceticusbaumannii complex acb. The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug and extendeddrug resistant strains of acinetobacter is constantly increasing all over the world, with a high mortality rate. Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging pathogen that accounts for about 80% of all reported infections.
Acinetobacter spp are ubiquitous aerobic gram negative coccobacillus, that are now increasingly responsible for a large number of nosocomial infections. However, acinetobacter baumannii, as well as its close relatives belonging to genomic species 3 acinetobacter pittii and tu acinetobacter nosocomialis, are important nosocomial pathogens. From the processed clinical specimens, 107 acinetobacter strains 1. Some belong to natural flora of the patient and cause infection only when the immune system of the patient becomes prone to infections. The drugresistant nature of the pathogen and its unusual and unpredictable susceptibility patterns make empirical and therapeutic decisions even more difficult. We analyzed the inhospital data on the sensitivity of acinetobacter baumannii isolates and correlated them with antibiotic treatment and clinical.
In outbreak situations, colonized or infected patients and the inanimate environment, which. However, in china, thailand, taiwan, vietnam, and some countries in south america, acinetobacter causes a much higher proportion of nosocomial infections and may be the predominant nosocomial pathogen. In 1974, bergys manual of bacteriology placed these bacteria in the. In the 1974 edition of bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology. Nosocomial infections infection acquired in the hospital. Multidrug resistant acinetobacter nosocomial meningitis. In summary, acinetobacter colonization or infection may originate from the patients own flora under the pressure of antimicrobial selection, the hands of staff members, or contaminated equipment.
The genus acinetobacter is a major cause of noscoomial infections. Risk factors for acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection bsi were studied in patients with severe thermal injury in a burn intensive care unit where a. Five hundred icu patients with nosocomial infections were studied in the period from aug. Nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter species. The genus acinetobacter comprises a complex and heterogeneous group of bacteria, many of which are capable of causing a range of opportunistic, often catheter. Bacteria are the most common pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Announcing infection prevention in practice a new onlineonly open access journal infection prevention in practice will be an official journal of the healthcare infection society and a sister journal to the journal of hospital infection. Considerations in control and treatment of nosocomial. December application of bacteriophagecontaining aerosol against nosocomial transmission of carbapenemresistant acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit yuhuai ho 0 1 chunchieh tseng 1 lihshinn wang 0 1 yiting chen 1 guanjin ho 1 teng yi lin 1 lingyi wang 1 likuang chen 1 0 division of infectious diseases, department of internal medicine, buddhist tzu chi general hospital and.
The highest percentage of sensitivity demonstrated for colistin and carbapenems. The recent increase in incidence, largely associated with infected combat troops returning from conflict zones, coupled with a dramatic increase in the incidence of multidrugresistant mdr strains, has significantly raised the profile of this emerging opportunistic pathogen. It is difficult to control and infection caused is difficult to treat due to its high resistance in the environment and its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials. Acinetobacter baumannii is now recognized to be the acinetobacter genomic species of great clinical importance. Acinetobacter infection typically occurs in ill patients and can either cause or contribute to death in these patients. Decisions on treatment of infections with acinetobacter should be made on a casebycase basis by a healthcare provider.
Pdf nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter baumannii. Pdf nosocomial infections due to acinetobacter baumannii in. Acinetobacter is often resistant to many commonly prescribed antibiotics. Risk factors for acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial.
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